Teknụzụ agbaze
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, mgbaze nke ngwaahịa ọla kọpa na-anabatakarị ọkụ ọkụ induction, ma na-anabatakwa ọkụ reverberatory agbaze na ite ọkụ ọkụ.
Igwe ọkụ ọkụ induction dabara adaba maka ụdị ọla kọpa na ọla kọpa ọ bụla, ma nwee njirimara nke ịgbaze dị ọcha ma hụ na agbaze agbaze.Dịka nhazi ọkụ si dị, a na-ekewa ọkụ induction n'ime ọkụ induction isi na ọkụ induction nke enweghị isi.Igwe ọkụ induction cored nwere njirimara nke nrụpụta ọrụ dị elu na nrụpụta ọkụ dị elu, ọ dịkwa mma maka ịgbaze na-aga n'ihu nke otu ụdị ọla kọpa na ọla kọpa, dị ka ọla kọpa na-acha uhie uhie na ọla.The coreless induction ọkụ nwere àgwà nke ngwa ngwa kpo oku ọsọ na mfe nnọchi nke alloy iche.Ọ dabara maka ịgbaze ọla kọpa na ọla kọpa nwere ebe mgbaze dị elu na ụdị dị iche iche, dị ka ọla kọpa na cupronickel.
Ọkụ induction Vacuum bụ ọkụ induction nke nwere usoro agụụ, dabara maka ịgbaze ọla kọpa na ọla kọpa dị mfe iku ume na oxidize, dị ka ọla kọpa na-enweghị oxygen, bronze beryllium, bronze zirconium, ọla magnesium, wdg maka oghere eletrik.
Ịgbaze ọkụ reverberatory nwere ike ime ka ọ dị ọcha ma wepụ ihe ndị na-adịghị ọcha na agbaze, a na-ejikarị eme ihe na agbaze ọla kọpa.Ọkụ ọkụ ahụ bụ ụdị ọkụ na-agbaze ngwa ngwa na-aga n'ihu, nke nwere uru nke nrụpụta ọkụ dị elu, ọnụego mgbaze dị elu, yana nkwụsị ọkụ dị mma.Enwere ike ịchịkwa;ọ dịghị usoro nnụcha, ya mere a na-achọ ka ọnụ ọgụgụ ka ukwuu nke akụrụngwa ka ọ bụrụ ọla kọpa cathode.A na-eji igwe ihe nkedo na-aga n'ihu na-eji ọkụ ọkụ na-eme ihe maka nkedo na-aga n'ihu, a pụkwara iji ya na-ejide ọkụ maka nkedo na-aga n'ihu.
A na-egosipụtakarị usoro mmepe nke teknụzụ mmepụta ọla kọpa na-ebelata ọkụ ọkụ nke akụrụngwa, ibelata oxidation na inhalation nke gbazee, na-eme ka agbaze ahụ dịkwuo mma, na ịnakwere arụmọrụ dị elu (ọnụego mgbaze nke ọkụ induction dị ukwuu). karịa 10 t / h), nnukwu (ikike nke ọkụ induction nwere ike karịa 35 t / set), ogologo ndụ (ndụ mkpuchi bụ 1 ruo 2 afọ) na nchekwa ike (nri ike nke induction). ọkụ na-erughị 360 kW h / t), ọkụ na-ejide ọkụ na-eji ngwaọrụ degassing (CO gas degassing), na ọkụ induction The sensọ na-anabata usoro ịgba, ihe njikwa ọkụ eletrik na-anabata bidirectional thyristor gbakwunyere ike ntụgharị ugboro ugboro, ọkụ preheating, ọkụ ọnọdụ na refractory okpomọkụ ubi nlekota na mkpu usoro, na-ejide ọkụ na-onwem na a na-atụ ngwaọrụ, na okpomọkụ akara bụ ihe ziri ezi.
Akụrụngwa mmepụta - Ahịrị nkesa
Imepụta eriri eriri ọla kọpa na-akpụ akpụ na-aga n'ihu nke na-eme ka eriri igwe sara mbara site na uncoiler, na-egbutu eriri igwe n'ime obosara achọrọ site na igwe slitting, wee tụgharịa ya n'ọtụtụ mkpuchi site na winder. Jiri kreenu iji chekwaa mpịakọta ndị ahụ n'elu ebe nchekwa
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(Ụgbọ ala na-ebu ibu) Jiri trolley nri iji aka tinye akwụkwọ mpịakọta ihe na drum uncoiler wee mesie ya ike.
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(Uncoiler and anti-loosening pressure roller) Wepu eriri igwe site n'enyemaka nke ntuziaka mmeghe na igwe nrụgide.
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(NO·1 looper na swing bridge) nchekwa na nchekwa
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(Nduzi Edge na ngwa ntukọ) Ndị na-akpụ akpụ kwụ ọtọ na-eduzi mpempe akwụkwọ ahụ n'ime rollers tuo iji gbochie ndahie, obosara ntuziaka kwụ ọtọ na ebe a na-agbanwe agbanwe.
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(igwe na-agbaze) tinye igwe na-agbapụ maka ịtọ na slitting
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(Oche mgbanwe ọsọ ọsọ) mgbanwe otu ngwaọrụ
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(Ngwaọrụ ịfefe scrap) Bee ihe mkpofu ahụ
↓(Okpokoro ntụzịaka ụzọ ọpụpụ na nkwụsị ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri) Webata NO.2 looper
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(akwa akwa na NO.2 looper) nchekwa ihe na mkpochapụ ọdịiche dị oke
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(Press efere erughị ala na ikuku mgbasa aro nkewa ngwaọrụ) nye esemokwu ike, efere na belt nkewa
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(Slitting shie, steering length stool and guide table) Ogologo nha, eriri eriri ogologo nkebi edoziri ogologo, ntuziaka teepu
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(winder, ngwaọrụ nkewa, ngwaọrụ ọkpọkọ) ihe nkesa, eriri igwe
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(na-ebutu gwongworo, nkwakọ ngwaahịa) Nbudata teepu ọla kọpa na nkwakọ ngwaahịa
Teknụzụ Rolling Hot
A na-ejikarị mpịakọta ọkụ eme ihe maka ịgbagharị billet nke ingots maka mpempe akwụkwọ, warara na mmepụta foil.
Nkọwa ingot maka ịgbagharị billet kwesịrị ịtụle ihe ndị dị ka ụdị ngwaahịa dị iche iche, ọnụ ọgụgụ mmepụta, usoro nkedo, wdg, yana metụtara ọnọdụ akụrụngwa mpịakọta (dị ka oghere mpịakọta, dayameta mpịakọta, nrụgide mpịaji a na-ekwe omume, ike moto, na ogologo tebụl rola) , wdg.N'ozuzu, oke n'etiti ọkpụrụkpụ nke ingot na dayameta nke mpịakọta bụ 1: (3.5 ~ 7): obosara na-abụkarị ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ ugboro n'obosara nke ngwaahịa emechara, na obosara na trimming ego kwesịrị ịbụ nke ọma. tụlee.N'ozuzu, obosara nke slab kwesịrị ịbụ 80% nke ogologo nke ahụ mpịakọta.Ogologo oge ingot kwesịrị ịtụle nke ọma dịka ọnọdụ mmepụta si dị.N'ikwu okwu n'ozuzu, n'okpuru echiche na enwere ike ịchịkwa okpomọkụ na-agbagharị ikpeazụ nke ikpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ, ogologo oge ingot, na-eme ka nrụpụta na mmepụta dị elu.
Nkọwa ingot nke obere na ọkara-sized ọla kọpa osisi na-n'ozuzu (60 ~ 150) mm × (220 ~ 450) mm × (2000 ~ 3200) mm, na ingot arọ bụ 1.5 ~ 3 t;nkọwa ingot nke nnukwu ụlọ ọrụ nhazi ọla kọpa N'ozuzu, ọ bụ (150 ~ 250) mm × (630～1250) mm × (2400 ~ 8000) mm, na ịdị arọ nke ingot bụ 4.5 ~ 20 t.
N'oge mpịakọta na-ekpo ọkụ, okpomọkụ dị n'elu mpịakọta na-ebili nke ọma n'oge mpịakọta na-ejikọta na mpempe okpomọkụ dị elu.Mgbasa ọkụ ugboro ugboro na mgbochi oyi na-akpata mgbawa na mgbawa n'elu akwụkwọ mpịakọta.Ya mere, a ghaghị ime ka ọ dị jụụ na mmanye mmanye n'oge ntụgharị ọkụ.Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-eji mmiri ma ọ bụ emulsion dị ala mee ihe dị ka ihe na-ajụ oyi na mmanụ mmanye.Ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ ọrụ nke ịgbagharị ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ bụ 90% ruo 95%.Ọkpụrụkpụ nke warara a na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-abụkarị 9 ruo 16 mm.Ngwunye warara nke dị n'elu mgbe mkpụgharị ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ nwere ike wepu akwa oxide elu, ntinye ọnụ ọgụgụ na ntụpọ elu ndị ọzọ na-emepụta n'oge nkedo, kpo oku na ntụgharị ọkụ.Dị ka ịdị njọ nke ntụpọ dị n'elu nke warara na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na mkpa nke usoro ahụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ egwe ọka nke akụkụ ọ bụla bụ 0.25 ruo 0,5 mm.
Igwe igwe igwe na-ekpo ọkụ na-abụkarị igwe igwe na-atụgharị elu abụọ ma ọ bụ anọ dị elu.Site na mmụba nke ingot na ịgbatị ogologo nke warara ahụ na-aga n'ihu, ọkwa nchịkwa na ọrụ nke igwe na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-enwe ọganihu na-aga n'ihu na nkwalite, dị ka iji njikwa ọkpụrụkpụ akpaka, hydraulic na-ehulata mpịakọta, n'ihu na azụ. mpịakọta kwụ ọtọ, naanị mpịakọta jụrụ oyi na-enweghị ngwaọrụ Rolling Rolling, TP mpịakọta (Taper Pis-ton Roll) njikwa okpueze, nkwụsịtụ n'ịntanetị (quenching) mgbe ị gafesịrị, ịgbanye ntanetị na teknụzụ ndị ọzọ iji melite ịdị n'otu nke ihe owuwu na akụrụngwa ma nweta mma. efere.
Teknụzụ nkedo
A na-ekewa nkedo ọla kọpa na ọla kọpa n'ime: ihe nkedo na-aga n'ihu ọkara kwụ ọtọ, nkedo kwụ ọtọ na-aga n'ihu, nkedo na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu, nkedo na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu na teknụzụ nkedo ndị ọzọ.
A. Nkedo ọkara na-aga n'ihu na kwụ ọtọ
Nkedo nke ọkara na-aga n'ihu nke kwụ ọtọ nwere njirimara nke ngwa dị mfe na mmepụta na-agbanwe agbanwe, ọ dịkwa mma maka ịkwanye ingots dị iche iche gburugburu na larịị nke ọla kọpa na ọla kọpa.A na-ekewa ụdị nnyefe nke igwe nkedo kwụ ọtọ na ọkara na-aga n'ihu na hydraulic, skru lead na eriri waya.N'ihi na nnyefe hydraulic dị ntakịrị, ejirila ya mee ihe.Enwere ike ịma jijiji na kristal na njupụta dị iche iche na frequencies dị ka achọrọ.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-eji usoro nkedo na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu n'ọtụtụ ebe na mmepụta ọla kọpa na ọla kọpa alloy ingots.
B. Nkedo na-aga n'ihu na kwụ ọtọ zuru oke
Nkedo kwụ ọtọ zuru oke na-aga n'ihu nwere njirimara nke nnukwu mmepụta na nnukwu mkpụrụ (ihe dị ka 98%), dabara maka mmepụta nnukwu na-aga n'ihu nke ingots nwere otu ụdị na nkọwapụta, ma na-aghọ otu n'ime ụzọ nhọrọ isi maka agbaze na nkedo. usoro n'oge a nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ ọla kọpa warara ahịrị mmepụta .The vetikal zuru ezu na-aga n'ihu nkedo ebu na-anabata ndị na-abụghị kọntaktị Laser mmiri mmiri larịị akpaka akara.Igwe ihe nkedo na-anabatakarị hydraulic clamping, n'ibu nnyefe, ntanetị mmanu mmanu dị mma n'ịntanetị na nchịkọta mgbawa, akara akpaka, na ịgbatị ingot.Ọdịdị ahụ dị mgbagwoju anya na ogo nke akpaaka dị elu.
C. Nkedo na-aga n'ihu na kwụ ọtọ
Nkedo na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu nwere ike ịmepụta akwụkwọ ego na waya.
Ihe nkedo na-aga n'ihu na mgbawa kwụ ọtọ nwere ike imepụta ibe ọla kọpa na ọla kọpa nwere ọkpụrụkpụ nke 14-20mm.Eriri na nke a ọkpụrụkpụ nso nwere ike ozugbo oyi akpọrepu enweghị ọkụ mpịakọta, n'ihi ya, ha na-ejikarị na-emepụta alloys ndị siri ike na-ekpo ọkụ mpịakọta (dị ka tin. cupronickel na obere alloy ọla kọpa alloy warara.Dabere na obosara nke nkedo nkedo, nkedo na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu nwere ike ịkwanye ibe 1 ruo 4 n'otu oge.Igwe ihe nkedo na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu nke a na-ejikarị nwere ike ịwụ ibe abụọ n'otu oge, nke ọ bụla nwere obosara na-erughị 450 mm, ma ọ bụ nkedo otu eriri nwere obosara nke 650-900 mm.Nkedo nkedo na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu n'ozuzu na-anabata usoro nkedo nke ịdọrọ-nkwụsị-aghachi azụ, ma enwere ahịrị kristal na-adị n'elu, nke a ga-ewepụrịrị site na igwe igwe.Enwere ihe atụ n'ime ụlọ nke ibe ọla kọpa dị elu nke enwere ike imepụta site na ịse na nkedo mpempe akwụkwọ na-enweghị igwe igwe.
Nkedo na-aga n'ihu nke tube, mkpanaka na waya nwere ike ịtụba ingots 1 ruo 20 n'otu oge dịka alloys na nkọwapụta dị iche iche si dị.N'ozuzu, dayameta nke mmanya ma ọ bụ waya oghere bụ 6 ruo 400 mm, na dayameta mpụta nke tube oghere bụ 25 ruo 300 mm.Mgbidi mgbidi bụ 5-50 mm, na akụkụ ogologo nke ingot bụ 20-300 mm.Uru nke usoro nkedo na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu bụ na usoro ahụ dị mkpụmkpụ, ọnụ ahịa mmepụta ihe dị ala, na mmepụta mmepụta dị elu.N'otu oge ahụ, ọ bụkwa usoro mmepụta ihe dị mkpa maka ụfọdụ ihe alloy na-arụ ọrụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-adịghị mma.N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, ọ bụ ụzọ bụ isi a na-esi eme billet nke ngwaahịa ọla kọpa a na-ejikarị eme ihe dị ka tin-phosphor bronze strips, zinc-nickel alloy strips, na phosphorus-deoxidized ọla kọpa na-eme ntụ ntụ.mmepụta ụzọ.
Ọdịmma nke kehoraizin na-aga n'ihu nkedo mmepụta usoro bụ: adabara alloy iche dịtụ mfe, oriri nke graphite ihe na ebu n'ime aka uwe bụ dịtụ buru ibu, na uniformity nke crystalline Ọdịdị nke cross ngalaba nke ingot abụghị. mfe ịchịkwa.A na-eme ka akụkụ ala nke ingot dị jụụ na-aga n'ihu n'ihi mmetụta nke ike ndọda, nke dị nso na mgbidi dị n'ime nke ebu, na ọka ndị dị mma;akụkụ nke elu bụ n'ihi nhazi nke ikuku ikuku na okpomọkụ na-agbaze dị elu, nke na-eme ka nkwụsị nke siri ike nke ingot, nke na-eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ dị jụụ na-eme ka ọ dị jụụ ma mee ka ingot solidification hysteresis.Ọdịdị kristal dị ntakịrị, nke pụtara ìhè karịsịa maka ingots buru ibu.N'ihi adịghị ike ndị a dị n'elu, a na-emepụta usoro nkedo kwụ ọtọ na billet ugbu a.Otu ụlọ ọrụ German jiri ihe nkedo na-ehulata kwụ ọtọ na-aga n'ihu iji nwalee nkedo (16-18) mm × 680 mm tin bronze ibe dị ka DHP na CuSn6 na ọsọ 600 mm/min.
D. Nkedo na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu
Nkedo nke na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu bụ teknụzụ nkedo nke tolitere ngwa ngwa n'ime afọ 20 ruo 30 gara aga, a na-ejikwa ya n'ọtụtụ ebe n'imepụta waya waya maka mkpanaka ọla kọpa na-egbuke egbuke.Ọ na-eji ụkpụrụ nke ihe nkedo agụụ na-anabata ma nabata teknụzụ nkwụsị ịdọrọ iji nweta nkedo ọtụtụ isi na-aga n'ihu.O nwere njiri mara akụrụngwa dị mfe, obere ntinye ego, obere mfu ọla, yana usoro mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi dị ala.Nkedo na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu na-adabakarị maka imepụta ọla kọpa na-acha uhie uhie na akwụkwọ ntanye ọla kọpa na-enweghị oxygen.Ihe ọhụrụ a rụpụtara n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya bụ mgbasa ozi ya na itinye ya na oghere tube dị dayameta, brass na cupronickel.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ihe nkedo na-aga n'ihu na-arịgo elu nke nwere mmepụta kwa afọ nke 5,000 t na dayameta karịa Φ100 mm;ọnụọgụ abụọ nkịtị ọla na zinc-acha ọcha ọla kọpa ternary alloy waya billlets ka emepụtara, na mkpụrụ nke waya billlets nwere ike iru karịa 90%.
E. Usoro nkedo ndị ọzọ
Teknụzụ billet nkedo na-aga n'ihu na-etolite.Ọ na-emeri ntụpọ ndị dị ka akara slub nke a na-emepụta n'elu elu nke billet n'ihi nkwụsị nkwụsị nke nkedo na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu, na ọdịdị elu dị mma.Na n'ihi ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ntụziaka siri ike siri ike, nhazi nke dị n'ime ya na-adịwanye mma ma dị ọcha, ya mere arụmọrụ nke ngwaahịa ahụ dịkwa mma.A na-eji teknụzụ mmepụta nke ụdị eriri na-aga n'ihu na-atụba billet ọla kọpa waya n'ọtụtụ ahịrị mmepụta n'elu 3 tọn.Oghere akụkụ nke slab ahụ bụ ihe karịrị 2000 mm2, yana igwe igwe na-akpụ akpụ na-aga n'ihu na nrụpụta nrụpụta dị elu.
A nwalere nkedo elektrọnik na obodo m n'oge 1970s, mana emebebeghị mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ.N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, teknụzụ nkedo electromagnetic enweela nnukwu ọganihu.Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-atụba ọla kọpa na-enweghị oxygen nke Φ200 mm nke ọma na elu dị larịị.N'otu oge ahụ, mmetụta na-akpali akpali nke oghere electromagnetic na gbazee nwere ike ịkwalite iyuzucha na mkpochapụ slag, na ọla kọpa na-enweghị oxygen na ọdịnaya oxygen na-erughị 0.001% nwere ike nweta.
Ntuziaka nke nkà na ụzụ nkedo ọla kọpa ọhụrụ bụ iji melite nhazi nke ebu site na ntụziaka ntụziaka, ngwa ngwa siri ike, nhazi nke ọkara siri ike, mkpali electromagnetic, ọgwụgwọ metamorphic, njikwa akpaka nke ọkwa mmiri mmiri na ụzọ nkà na ụzụ ndị ọzọ dị ka usoro nkwenye siri ike., densification, ọcha, na-aghọta na-aga n'ihu ọrụ na nso-ọgwụgwụ akpụ.
N'ime ogologo oge, nkedo nke ọla kọpa na ọla kọpa ga-abụ ịdị n'otu nke teknụzụ nkedo ọkara na-aga n'ihu na teknụzụ nkedo na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu, na ntinye ngwa nke teknụzụ nkedo na-aga n'ihu ga-aga n'ihu na-abawanye.
Nkà na ụzụ Rolling oyi
Dịka nkọwapụta nke mpempe akwụkwọ akpọrepu na usoro ntụgharị, a na-ekewa ntugharị oyi ka ọ bụrụ ntolite, ntugharị etiti na imechigharị.A na-akpọ usoro oyi na-atụgharị nkedo nkedo nke nwere ọkpụrụkpụ 14 ruo 16 mm na billet na-ekpo ọkụ nke nwere ihe dị ka 5 ruo 16 mm ruo 2 ruo 6 mm ka a na-akpọ blooming, na usoro nke ịga n'ihu na-ebelata ọkpụrụkpụ nke osisi ahụ. A na-akpọ mpempe akwụkwọ mpịakọta nke etiti., Ntugharị oyi ikpeazụ iji mezuo ihe achọrọ nke ngwaahịa emechara ka a na-akpọ imecha mkpọ.
Usoro ntụgharị oyi kwesịrị ijikwa usoro mbelata (ọnụego nhazi mkpokọta, ọnụego nhazi na ọnụego nhazi ngwaahịa emechara) dị ka alloys dị iche iche, nkọwapụta mpịakọta na ihe achọrọ ịrụ ọrụ ngwaahịa, jiri ezi uche họrọ ma mezie ụdị mpịakọta ahụ, wee họrọ mmanu mmanu. usoro na mmanu mmanu.Ntụle na nhazigharị ụjọ.
Igwe igwe oyi na-atụ n'ozuzu na-eji igwe igwe na-atụgharị agba anọ dị elu ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ dị elu.Igwe igwe oyi na-atụ n'oge a na-ejikarị usoro teknụzụ dị ka hydraulic nti na mpịakọta mpịakọta na-adịghị mma, njikwa akpaka nke ọkpụrụkpụ, nrụgide na esemokwu, mmegharị axial nke mpịakọta, nju oyi nke mpịakọta, njikwa akpaka nke ụdị efere, na nhazi akpaka nke mpempe akwụkwọ mpịakọta. , ka e wee nwee ike imeziwanye izi ezi nke warara.Ruo 0.25 ± 0.005 mm na n'ime 5I nke ụdị efere.
A na-egosipụta usoro mmepe nke teknụzụ na-akpụgharị oyi na mmepe na itinye ngwa igwe igwe igwe dị iche iche dị elu, ọsọ ọsọ dị elu, nha nha na njikwa ọdịdị ziri ezi karịa, yana teknụzụ inyeaka dị ka jụrụ oyi, mmanu mmanu, mkpuchi, ịgbanye etiti na mpịakọta ngwa ngwa. gbanwee.nnụcha, wdg.
Ngwa mmepụta-Mgbịrịgba ọkụ
Ọkụ mgbịrịgba na ọkụ na-ebuli elu bụ nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ na nnwale ndị ọkwọ ụgbọ elu.N'ozuzu, ike dị ukwuu na ike oriri dị ukwuu.Maka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, ihe ọkụ nke Luoyang Sigma na-ebuli ọkụ bụ eriri seramiiki, nke nwere mmetụta nchekwa ike dị mma, obere ume ike, yana ike dị ala.Chekwaa ọkụ eletrik na oge, nke bara uru ịbawanye mmepụta.
Afọ iri abụọ na ise gara aga, BRANDS Germany na Philips, ụlọ ọrụ na-ebute ụzọ na ụlọ ọrụ ferrite, jikọtara ọnụ rụpụtara igwe nrụpụta ọhụrụ.Mmepe nke akụrụngwa a na-egbo mkpa pụrụ iche nke ụlọ ọrụ ferrite.N'oge usoro a, a na-emelite BRANDS Bell Furnace mgbe niile.
Ọ na-aṅa ntị na mkpa nke ụlọ ọrụ ndị a ma ama n'ụwa dịka Philips, Siemens, TDK, FDK, wdg, bụ ndị na-eritekwa uru dị ukwuu na ngwá ọrụ dị elu nke BRANDS.
N'ihi nkwụsi ike dị elu nke ngwaahịa ndị a na-emepụta site na mgbịrịgba mgbịrịgba, mgbịrịgba mgbịrịgba aghọwo ụlọ ọrụ kachasị elu na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ferrite ọkachamara.Afọ iri abụọ na ise gara aga, kiln mbụ nke BRANDS mere ka na-emepụta ngwaahịa dị elu maka Philips.
Isi njirimara nke ọkụ ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ nke ọkụ mgbịrịgba na-enye bụ nnukwu arụmọrụ ya.Usoro njikwa ọgụgụ isi ya na akụrụngwa ndị ọzọ na-etolite ngalaba na-arụ ọrụ zuru oke, nke nwere ike mezuo ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ihe ọgbara ọhụrụ nke ụlọ ọrụ ferrite.
Ndị ahịa nkụja Bell nwere ike hazie ma chekwaa profaịlụ okpomọkụ / ikuku ọ bụla achọrọ iji mepụta ngwaahịa dị elu.Na mgbakwunye, ndị ahịa nwekwara ike imepụta ngwaahịa ọ bụla ọzọ n'oge dị ka ezigbo mkpa si dị, si otú a na-ebelata oge ndu na ibelata ọnụ ahịa.Ngwa ihe eji eme ihe ga-enwe ezigbo ngbanwe iji mepụta ngwaahịa dị iche iche dị iche iche ka ọ na-aga n'ihu na-adaba na mkpa ahịa.Nke a pụtara na a ghaghị imepụta ngwaahịa ndị kwekọrọ na mkpa nke onye ahịa ọ bụla.
Ezigbo onye na-emepụta ferrite nwere ike ịmepụta ihe karịrị 1000 magnet dị iche iche iji gboo mkpa pụrụ iche nke ndị ahịa.Ndị a na-achọ ikike ịmegharị usoro ịgbatị ahụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi.Sistemụ ọkụ ite mgbịrịgba aghọọla ọkụ ọkụ maka ndị niile na-emepụta ferrite.
N'ime ụlọ ọrụ ferrite, a na-eji ọkụ ọkụ ndị a eme ihe maka obere ike ike yana ferrite dị elu μ, karịsịa na ụlọ ọrụ nkwurịta okwu.Ọ gaghị ekwe omume ịmepụta cores dị elu na-enweghị ọkụ mgbịrịgba.
Igwe mgbịrịgba na-achọ naanị ndị na-arụ ọrụ ole na ole n'oge ị na-arụ ọrụ, a ga-arụcha ọrụ na ịkwatu ya n'ehihie, na-arụchakwa sntering n'abalị, na-eme ka akpụcha ọkụ eletrik kacha elu, bụ nke bara ezigbo uru n'ọnọdụ ụkọ ọkụ taa.Ọkụ ite mgbịrịgba na-emepụta ngwaahịa dị elu, a na-enwetaghachikwa ego niile agbakwunyere ngwa ngwa n'ihi ngwaahịa dị elu.Okpomọkụ na njikwa ikuku, imepụta ọkụ na njikwa ikuku n'ime ọkụ ahụ niile jikọtara nke ọma iji hụ na kpo oku na oyi nke otu ngwaahịa.Njikwa ikuku ikuku n'oge jụrụ oyi na-emetụta kpọmkwem na okpomọkụ kiln ma nwee ike ikwe nkwa ọdịnaya oxygen nke 0.005% ma ọ bụ ọbụna ala.Ihe ndị a bụ ihe ndị asọmpi anyị enweghị ike ime.
N'ihi usoro ntinye mmemme nke mkpụrụedemede ọnụọgụgụ zuru oke, ogologo usoro ịmegharị ogologo nwere ike ịmegharị ngwa ngwa, si otú a na-ahụ na ngwaahịa dị mma.Mgbe ị na-ere ngwaahịa, ọ na-egosipụtakwa àgwà ngwaahịa ahụ.
Technology ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ
Ihe ole na ole alloy ingots (eriri) nwere oke dendrite siri ike ma ọ bụ nrụgide nkedo, dị ka tin-phosphor bronze, kwesịrị ịnwe annealing homogenization pụrụ iche, nke a na-emekarị n'ime ọkụ ite mgbịrịgba.The homogenization annealing okpomọkụ bụ n'ozuzu n'etiti 600 na 750 ° C.
Ka ọ dị ugbu a, ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime annealing nke etiti (recrystallization annealing) na njedebe annealing (annealing iji chịkwaa steeti na arụmọrụ nke ngwaahịa) nke ọla kọpa alloy ibe na-egbuke egbuke annealed site na nchebe gas.Ụdị ọkụ ahụ gụnyere ite mgbịrịgba, ọkụ nkuku ikuku, ọkụ traction vetikal, wdg. A na-ewepụ oxidative annealing.
The mmepe omume nke okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ technology na-egosipụta na-ekpo ọkụ Rolling on-line ngwọta ọgwụgwọ nke ọdịda-ike alloy ihe na ụdi deformation okpomọkụ ọgwụgwọ technology, na-aga n'ihu na-egbuke egbuke annealing na erughị ala annealing na a nchebe ikuku.
Quenching-A na-ejikarị ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ eme ihe maka ikesi ike nke ọla kọpa alloys na-ekpo ọkụ.Site na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ, ngwaahịa ahụ na-agbanwe microstructure ya ma nweta ihe pụrụ iche achọrọ.Site na mmepe nke ihe ndị na-eme ka ike dị elu na nke dị elu, a ga-etinyekwu usoro ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ.Akụrụngwa ọgwụgwọ ịka nká bụ otu ihe ahụ na ngwa mgbakasị ahụ.
Teknụzụ Extrusion
Extrusion bụ ọla kọpa tozuru oke na nke dị elu na ọkpọkọ ọla kọpa, mkpanaka, mmepụta profaịlụ na usoro ọkọnọ billet.Site n'ịgbanwe anwụ ma ọ bụ na-eji usoro perforation extrusion, dị iche iche alloy iche iche na dị iche iche cross-section shapes nwere ike extruded ozugbo.Site na extrusion, a na-agbanwe ihe nkedo nke ingot ka ọ bụrụ nhazi nhazi, na tube billet na mmanya na-agbapụ nwere nnukwu akụkụ ziri ezi, na nhazi ahụ dị mma na otu.Usoro extrusion bụ usoro mmepụta nke ndị na-emepụta ọkpọkọ ọla kọpa na ndị si mba ọzọ na-ejikarị eme ihe.
Ọ bụ ndị na-emepụta igwe na mba m na-arụ maka ịcha ọla kọpa, ọkachasị gụnyere ịgha akpụ n'efu na ịnwụ anwụ, dị ka nnukwu ngwo, gia worm, ikpuru, mgbanaka synchronizer ụgbọ ala, wdg.
Enwere ike kewaa usoro extrusion n'ime ụdị atọ: ntụgharị ihu n'ihu, ntụgharị ihu na extrusion pụrụ iche.N'ime ha, e nwere ọtụtụ ngwa ngwa nke extrusion na-aga n'ihu, a na-eji reverse extrusion eme ihe na-emepụta obere mkpara na wires, na extrusion pụrụ iche na-eji mmepụta pụrụ iche.
Mgbe extruding, dị ka ihe onwunwe nke alloy si dị, teknụzụ chọrọ nke ngwaahịa extruded, na ikike na nhazi nke extruder, ụdị, nha na ọnụọgụ extrusion nke ingot kwesịrị ịhọrọ nke ọma, nke mere na ogo nke nrụrụ bụ. ọ bụghị ihe na-erughị 85%.The extrusion okpomọkụ na extrusion ọsọ bụ isi parameters nke extrusion usoro, na ezi uche extrusion okpomọkụ nso kwesịrị ikpebi dị ka plasticity eserese na oge eserese nke metal.Maka ọla kọpa na ọla kọpa alloys, okpomọkụ extrusion na-adịkarị n'etiti 570 na 950 Celsius C, na extrusion okpomọkụ sitere na ọla kọpa dị elu dị ka 1000 ruo 1050 Celsius.E jiri ya tụnyere extrusion cylinder kpo oku okpomọkụ nke 400 ruo 450 Celsius, ọdịiche okpomọkụ dị n'etiti abụọ ahụ dị elu.Ọ bụrụ na extrusion ọsọ na-adị ngwa ngwa, okpomọkụ nke elu nke ingot ga-ada ngwa ngwa, na-eme ka mmụba na-adịghị mma nke ígwè na-asọba, nke ga-eduga n'ịbawanye ibu extrusion, na ọbụna mee ka ihe na-agwụ ike. .Ya mere, ọla kọpa na ọla kọpa alloys n'ozuzu na-eji dịtụ High-ọsọ extrusion, extrusion ọsọ nwere ike iru karịa 50 mm / s.
Mgbe a na-ewepụ ọla kọpa na ọla kọpa, a na-ejikarị peeling extrusion wepụ ntụpọ elu nke ingot, na ọkpụkpụ peeling bụ 1-2 m.A na-ejikarị akara mmiri eme ihe na ọpụpụ nke billet extrusion, nke mere na ngwaahịa ahụ nwere ike mee ka ọ dị jụụ na tank mmiri mgbe a kpochapụrụ ya, na elu nke ngwaahịa ahụ adịghị oxidized, ma enwere ike ịme nhazi oyi na-esote na-enweghị pickling.Ọ na-achọsi ike iji extruder buru ibu nke nwere ngwaọrụ na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ iji wepụ tube ma ọ bụ eriri waya nwere otu ịdị arọ karịa 500 n'arọ, ka ọ na-eme ka mmepụta nke ọma na mmepụta zuru oke nke usoro na-esote.Ugbu a, mmepụta nke ọla kọpa na ọla kọpa alloy ọkpọkọ ukwuu n'ime adopts kehoraizin haịdrọlik n'ihu extruders na onwe perforation usoro (okpukpu-action) na kpọmkwem mmanụ mgbapụta nnyefe, na mmepụta nke Ogwe ukwuu n'ime adopts na-abụghị nke onwe perforation usoro (otu-eme ihe) na mmanụ mgbapụta ozugbo nnyefe.Hịdrọlik kwụ ọtọ n'ihu ma ọ bụ tụgharịa extruder.Nkọwapụta extruder ndị a na-ejikarị bụ 8-50MN, ma ugbu a ọ na-abụ na ọ ga-emepụta ya site na nnukwu-tonnage extruders karịa 40 MN iji mee ka otu ịdị arọ nke ingot dịkwuo elu, si otú ahụ na-eme ka mmepụta na mmepụta dị mma.
A na-ahazi ndị na-emepụta hydraulic kwụ ọtọ nke oge a na prestressed integral frame, extrusion gbọmgbọm "X" ndu na nkwado, arụnyere perforation usoro, perforation agịga esịtidem jụrụ, slide ma ọ bụ rotary die set na ngwa ngwa Die mgbanwe ngwaọrụ, elu-ike mgbanwe mmanụ mgbapụta ozugbo. draịva, valvụ mgbagha jikọtara ọnụ, njikwa PLC na teknụzụ ndị ọzọ dị elu, akụrụngwa nwere oke nkenke, kọmpụta kọmpat, arụ ọrụ kwụsiri ike, njikọta nchekwa, yana mfe ịghọta njikwa mmemme.Teknụzụ na-aga n'ihu na-aga n'ihu (Conform) emeela ụfọdụ ọganihu n'ime afọ iri gara aga, karịsịa maka mmepụta ihe mgbochi pụrụ iche dị ka wires locomotive eletriki, nke na-ekwe nkwa nke ukwuu.N'ime iri afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, nkà na ụzụ extrusion ọhụrụ amalitela ngwa ngwa, na usoro mmepe nke nkà na ụzụ extrusion dị ka ndị a: (1) Ngwá ọrụ mmepụta ihe.The extrusion ike nke extrusion press ga-etolite na a ukwuu ntụziaka, na extrusion press nke ihe karịrị 30MN ga-aghọ isi ahu, na automation nke extrusion pịa mmepụta line ga-anọgide na-mma.Modern extrusion igwe na kpamkpam nakweere kọmputa mmemme akara na programmable mgbagha akara, nke mere na mmepụta arụmọrụ na-ukwuu mma, rụọ na-budata belata, na ọ bụ ọbụna kwere omume na-aghọta akpaka unmanned ọrụ nke extrusion mmepụta ahịrị.
A na-emeziwanye usoro ahụ nke extruder ma na-aga n'ihu.N'ime afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ụfọdụ ndị na-apụ apụ kwụ ọtọ ewerela etiti etinyere nke ọma iji hụ na nkwụsi ike nke ihe owuwu niile.Nke oge a extruder na-aghọta ụzọ extrusion na-aga n'ihu na azụ.The extruder na-onwem na abụọ extrusion shafts (isi extrusion aro na anwụ shaft).N'oge extrusion, na extrusion cylinder na-akpali na isi aro.N'oge a, ngwaahịa bụ The outflow direction na-ekwekọ na-akpụ akpụ ntụziaka nke isi aro na-emegide ikwu na-akpụ akpụ ntụziaka nke anwụ axis.Isi ọnwụ nke extruder na-anabatakwa nhazi nke ọtụtụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, nke ọ bụghị nanị na-eme ka mgbanwe anwụ dị mfe, kamakwa na-eme ka mmepụta ihe dị mma.Ndị na-apụ apụ n'oge a na-eji ngwaọrụ njikwa ngbanwe laser, nke na-enye data dị irè na ọnọdụ nke eriri etiti extrusion, nke dị mma maka nhazi oge na ngwa ngwa.Igwe mmiri dị elu nke na-agbapụta hydraulic na-ebugharị na-eji mmanụ eme ihe dị ka onye na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-edochi kpamkpam hydraulic press.A na-emelitekwa ngwa extrusion mgbe niile site na mmepe nke teknụzụ extrusion.A na-akwalite agịga nke na-eme ka mmiri dị jụụ dị n'ime ya n'ọtụtụ ebe, na ntụgharị akụkụ obe na-atụgharị na agịga na-atụgharị na-eme ka mmetụta mmanụ ahụ dịkwuo mma.A na-eji seramiiki ebu na alloy ígwè ebu na ogologo ndụ na elu elu mma ọtụtụ ebe.
A na-emelitekwa ngwa extrusion mgbe niile site na mmepe nke teknụzụ extrusion.A na-akwalite agịga nke na-eme ka mmiri dị jụụ dị n'ime ya n'ọtụtụ ebe, na ntụgharị akụkụ obe na-atụgharị na agịga na-atụgharị na-eme ka mmetụta mmanụ ahụ dịkwuo mma.Ngwa nke seramiiki ebu na alloy ígwè ebu na ogologo ndụ na elu elu mma na-ewu ewu karị.(2) Usoro mmepụta extrusion.Ụdị na nkọwapụta nke ngwaahịa extruded na-agbasawanye mgbe niile.The extrusion nke obere-ngalaba, ultra-elu-nkenke tubes, mkpara, profaịlụ na ibu-nnukwu profaịlụ ana achi achi ọdịdị ọdịdị nke ngwaahịa, ebelata esịtidem ntụpọ nke ngwaahịa, ebelata geometric ọnwụ, na n'ihu na-akwalite extrusion ụzọ dị ka edo arụmọrụ nke extruded. ngwaahịa.A na-ejikwa teknụzụ mgbagha extrusion ọgbara ọhụrụ eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe.N'ihi na mfe oxidized ọla, mmiri akara extrusion a nakweere, nke nwere ike ibelata pickling mmetọ, ibelata metal ọnwụ, na melite elu àgwà nke ngwaahịa.Maka ngwaahịa extruded dị mkpa ka emenyụ, naanị jikwaa okpomọkụ kwesịrị ekwesị.The mmiri akara extrusion usoro nwere ike imezu nzube, n'ụzọ dị irè ebelata mmepụta okirikiri na-azọpụta ike.
Site na mmụba na-aga n'ihu nke ikike extruder na teknụzụ extrusion, teknụzụ extrusion ọgbara ọhụrụ ejirila nke nta nke nta tinye, dị ka extrusion isothermal, jụrụ oyi anwụ extrusion, extrusion dị elu na teknụzụ ndị ọzọ na-aga n'ihu, ntụgharị extrusion, hydrostatic extrusion The bara uru ngwa nke na-aga n'ihu extrusion technology. nke ịpị na kwenye, ngwa nke ntụ ntụ extrusion na layered mejupụtara extrusion technology nke ala okpomọkụ superconducting ihe, mmepe nke ọhụrụ ụzọ dị ka ọkara siri ike metal extrusion na multi-oghere extrusion, mmepe nke obere nkenke akụkụ oyi extrusion akpụ technology, wdg, etolitela ngwa ngwa ma mepụta nke ọma ma tinye ya n'ọrụ.
Spectrometer
Spectroscope bụ ngwa sayensị nke na-emebi ọkụ nwere ihe mgbagwoju anya ka ọ bụrụ ahịrị nlegharị anya.Ìhè nke agba asaa dị na ìhè anyanwụ bụ akụkụ nke anya gba ọtọ nwere ike ịmata (ìhè a na-ahụ anya), ma ọ bụrụ na ìhè anyanwụ na-emebi site na spectrometer ma hazie ya dịka ogologo waveleng, ìhè a na-ahụ anya na-enwe nanị obere nso na ụdịdị dị iche iche, na ndị ọzọ bụ. ụdịdị dị iche iche nke na-enweghị ike ịmata ọdịiche dị na anya gba ọtọ, dị ka ụzarị ọkụ infrared, microwaves, UV rays, X-ray, wdg. A na-ejide ozi anya site na spectrometer, mepụta ya na ihe nkiri foto, ma ọ bụ gosipụta ma nyochaa ya site na ihe ngosi akpaka kọmputa. ngwá ọrụ ọnụọgụgụ, iji chọpụta ihe ndị dị n'ime isiokwu ahụ.A na-eji teknụzụ a eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe na nchọpụta nke mmetọ ikuku, mmetọ mmiri, ịdị ọcha nri, ụlọ ọrụ ígwè, wdg.
Spectrometer, makwaara dị ka spectrometer, bụ nke a maara nke ọma dị ka spectrometer ọgụgụ ozugbo.Ngwaọrụ na-atụ ike nke ahịrị nlegharị anya n'ogo dị iche iche nwere ihe nchọpụta foto dị ka tubes fotomultiplier.Ọ nwere mgbawa ụzọ mbata, sistemụ na-agbasasị, usoro onyonyo na otu ụzọ ọpụpụ ma ọ bụ karịa.A na-ekewapụta radieshon electromagnetic nke isi iyi radieshon n'ime mpaghara wavelength chọrọ ma ọ bụ ogologo ogologo site na mmewere na-agbasa, a na-atụkwa ike ya na ogologo wavele ahọpụtara (ma ọ bụ na-enyocha otu band).Enwere ụdị monochrome abụọ na polychromators.
Ngwa Ngwa Nnwale Mita Omume
Igwe ihe nleba anya igwe ejiri aka dijitalụ (meter conductivity) FD-101 na-etinye ụkpụrụ nke nchọpụta eddy ugbu a ma bụrụ nke a haziri nke ọma dịka ụkpụrụ omume nke ụlọ ọrụ eletrik si dị.Ọ na-ezute ụkpụrụ nnwale nke ụlọ ọrụ igwe na-arụ ọrụ na izi ezi.
1. Eddy current conductivity mita FD-101 nwere atọ pụrụ iche:
1) Naanị mita conductivity nke China nke gafere nkwenye nke Institute of Aeronautical Materials;
2) Naanị mita conductivity nke China nwere ike gboo mkpa nke ụlọ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ụgbọ elu;
3) Naanị mita conductivity nke China na-ebupụ n'ọtụtụ mba.
2. Mmeghe ọrụ ngwaahịa:
1) Nnukwu nha nha: 6.9% IACS-110% IACS (4.0MS/m-64MS/m), nke na-ezute ule conductivity nke ọla ndị na-abụghị nke ferrous.
2) Nhazi ọgụgụ isi: ngwa ngwa na nke ziri ezi, na-ezere njehie nhazi akwụkwọ ntuziaka kpamkpam.
3) Ngwá ọrụ ahụ nwere ụgwọ ọkụ dị mma: a na-akwụghachi ihe ọgụgụ ahụ na-akpaghị aka na uru na 20 Celsius C, na mmezi adịghị emetụta njehie mmadụ.
4) Nkwụsi ike dị mma: ọ bụ nchekwa nke onwe gị maka njikwa mma.
5) Akụrụngwa nwere ọgụgụ isi nke mmadụ: Ọ na-ewetara gị interface nchọpụta dị mma yana nhazi data na ọrụ nchịkọta dị ike.
6) Arụ ọrụ dị mma: saịtị mmepụta na ụlọ nyocha nwere ike iji ebe niile, na-enweta ihu ọma nke ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ.
7) Ndochi onwe nke nyocha: Onye ọ bụla ọbịa nwere ike ịkwado ọtụtụ nyocha, ndị ọrụ nwere ike dochie ha n'oge ọ bụla.
8) Mkpebi ọnụọgụgụ: 0.1%IACS (MS/m)
9) Ntugharị nha n'otu oge na-egosiputa ụkpụrụ nha na nkeji abụọ nke% IACS na MS / m.
10) Ọ nwere ọrụ nke ijide data nha.
Onye nleba anya ike
Ngwa ahụ na-eji usoro pụrụ iche na nke ziri ezi n'ime igwe, optics na isi ọkụ, nke na-eme ka onyonyo indentation doo anya karị na nha nke ziri ezi.Ma lenses ebumnuche 20x na 40x nwere ike isonye na nha, na-eme ka nha nha buru ibu yana ngwa ka ukwuu.Ngwá ọrụ ahụ nwere microscope dijitalụ nke nwere ike igosipụta usoro nnwale, ike nnwale, ogologo ntinye, uru siri ike, oge njide ike, oge nha, wdg na ihuenyo mmiri mmiri, ma nwee eriri eriri nwere ike jikọọ. na igwefoto dijitalụ na igwefoto CCD.O nwere ụfọdụ nnọchite anya na ngwaahịa isi ụlọ.
Ngwa Nnwale-Nchọpụta Nguzogide
Ngwa a na-atụ ihe mgbochi waya nke igwe bụ ngwa nnwale na-arụ ọrụ dị elu maka paramita dị ka waya, mgbochi mmanya na nrụzi eletriki.Arụmọrụ ya na-akwado n'ụzọ zuru ezu na mkpa teknuzu chọrọ na GB/T3048.2 na GB/T3048.4.A na-eji ya eme ihe na metallurgy, ọkụ eletrik, waya na eriri, ngwa eletriki, kọleji na mahadum, ngalaba nyocha sayensị na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.
Isi atụmatụ nke akụrụngwa:
(1) Ọ na-ejikọta teknụzụ eletrọnịkị dị elu, teknụzụ otu mgbawa na teknụzụ nchọpụta akpaka, yana ọrụ akpaaka siri ike yana ọrụ dị mfe;
(2) Naanị pịa igodo ahụ otu ugboro, enwere ike nweta ụkpụrụ niile a tụrụ atụ na-enweghị mgbako ọ bụla, dabara maka nchọpụta na-aga n'ihu, ngwa ngwa na nke ziri ezi;
(3) Nhazi nke batrị, obere nha, dị mfe iburu, dị mma maka ubi na ubi;
(4) Nnukwu ihuenyo, nnukwu font, nwere ike igosipụta resistivity, conductivity, iguzogide na ndị ọzọ tụrụ ụkpụrụ na okpomọkụ, ule ugbu a, okpomọkụ ụgwọ ọnụọgụ na ndị ọzọ inyeaka kwa n'otu oge ahụ, nnọọ kensinammuo;
(5) Otu igwe bụ multi-nzube, na 3 nha interfaces, ya bụ conductor resistivity na conductivity nha interface, cable keukwu parameter nha interface, na USB DC iguzogide mmetụ interface (TX-300B ụdị);
(6) Ntụle ọ bụla nwere ọrụ nke nhọrọ akpaka nke oge niile, mgbanwe akpaaka ugbu a, mgbazi ebe efu na akpaaka na-akwụghachi ụgwọ okpomọkụ iji hụ na izi ezi nke uru nha ọ bụla;
(7) Ihe nlere ule dị iche iche nwere ike ibugharị anọ kwesịrị ekwesị maka nha ngwa ngwa nke ihe dị iche iche na nkọwa dị iche iche nke wires ma ọ bụ ogwe;
(8) Ebe nchekwa data arụnyere arụnyere, nke nwere ike ịdekọ ma chekwaa 1000 nhazi data nha na nha nha, wee jikọọ na kọmpụta dị elu iji mepụta akụkọ zuru oke.